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KD2 Pro

  • Measurements:
    • Specific Heat,
    • Thermal Conductivity,
    • Thermal Diffusivity,
    • Thermal Resistivity
  • Applications:
    • Thermal Properties
  • Overview
  • Specifications
  • Comparisons
  • Accessories
  • Support
  • Education

The KD2 Pro is a fully portable field and lab thermal properties analyzer. It uses the transient line heat source method to measure thermal conductivity, resistivity, diffusivity, and specific heat.  Sophisticated data analysis is based on 30+ years of research experience on heat and mass transfer in soils and other porous materials.

The KD2-Pro in Action

Video KD2Pro

Click here to see another video on using the KD2 Pro thermal properties analyzer on fluids. 

Excellent Accuracy

The compact KD2 Pro controller is much more than a simple readout for time and temperature. A proprietary algorithm fits time and temperature data with exponential integral functions using a nonlinear least squares method. This fully mathematical solution delivers thermal conductivity/resistivity to within ±10%.

Corrects for Temperature Drift

Temperature changes of a thousandth of a degree per second--the sun warming the soil, for example, or someone walking into the lab-- destroy the accuracy of thermal properties calculations. Unlike other thermal needle systems, the KD2 Pro corrects for linear temperature drift that can cause large errors.

Complies with ASTM, IEEE, SSSA Standards

For more information, see this application note. 

KD2-Pro-HERO.jpg KD2-Pro-case.jpg Thermal-Units-Conversion-Chart1.jpg
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Specifications

 

Accuracy

±5 to ±10% Thermal Conductivity/Resistivity

±10% Specific Heat

±10% Thermal Diffusivity

Measurement Speed 1, 2, 5, & 10 min. read times depending on measurement type (see user's manual for more information). 
Data Storage 4,095 readings, flash memory
Compliance to Standards ASTM Standard D5334-08 and IEEE Standard 442-1981
Operating Environment of Sensors -50 to 150°C
Battery Source 4 AA
Auto-Read Mode Users can collect unattended data at user-defined intervals in the auto-read mode
Type Ultra low-power 16-bit microcontroller w/ 24-bit A/D converter
Display Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) 7.5 cm x 4 cm
Case Dimensions 15.5 x 9.5 x 3.5 cm
Included Accessories

KS-1 Thermal Conductivity/Resistivity sensor (for liquids)
TR-1 Thermal Conductivity/Resistivity sensor (for solids)
SH-1 Dual-Needle Thermal Diffusivity and Specfic Heat sensor (for solids)
User's manual
Pelican carrying case
Readout stand
Performance verification standards
Thermal grease
Drill bit for drilling pilot holes in materials
Concrete pilot pin
KD2 Pro download utility
RS232 cable

Calibration Each KD2 Pro comes factory calibrated and includes performance verification standards
Range of Measurements

K: 0.02 to 4 Wm-1 C-1

D: 0.1 to 1.0 mm2s-1

R: 0.25 to 50mC W-1

C: 0.5 to 4 MJ m-3 C-1 

* Accuracy and measurement range vary with sensor type. See Comparisons tab.

Comparisons

 
SensorKS-1
TR-1 SH-1
Measurement

Read time- 60 Seconds

Read time- 5 Minutes

Read time -2 Minutes-

Accuracy

Accuracy:

(Conductivity): ± 5% from 0.2 - 2 W/(m· K)

±0.01 W/(m· K) from 0.02 - 0.2 W/(m· K)

Accuracy:

(Conductivity): ±10% from 0.2 - 4 W/(m· K)

±0.02 W/(m· K) from 0.1 - 0.2 W/(m· K)

Accuracy:

(Conductivity) ± 10% from 0.2 - 2 W/(m· K)

±0.01 W/(m· K) from 0.02 - 0.2 W/(m· K)

(Diffusivity) ±10% at conductivities above 0.1 W/(m· K)

(Volumetric Specific Heat) ±10% at conductivities above 0.1 W/(m· K)

Ranges

K: 0.02 to 2 W/(m·K)

R: 50 to 5000 °C·cm/W 

 K: 0.1 to 4 W/(m·K)

R: 25 to 1000°C cm/W

K: 0.02 to 2.00 W /(m· K) 

R: 50 to 5000 °C·cm/W 

0.1 to 1 mm2/s (diffusivity)

0.5 to 4 mJ/(m3K) (volumetric specific heat

Cable 0.8 m 0.8 m 0.8 m
Environment –50 to 150°C –50 to 150°C –50 to 150°C
DIMENSIONS

6 cm needle length

1.27 mm diameter needle

10 cm needle length

2.4 mm diameter needle

30 mm needle length

1.27 mm diameter

2 needles

KD2 Pro Sensor Compatibility

 

Sample Materialks-1tr-1Sh-1
Low viscosity liquids (e.g. water) Best1 No No
High viscosity liquids (e.g. glycerol, oil) Best Ok No
Insulation and insulating materials Best5 Ok Ok
Moist Soil No Best Ok
Dry soil, powders, granular materials No Best2 Ok
concrete No Best3 Ok4
Rock No Best3 Ok4
Other solids No Best3 Ok
Volumetric specific heat No No Best
Thermal diffusivity No No Best

1 In low viscosity liquids, the read time should be set to the minimum allowed 1 minute to avoid free convection.

2 In dry granular materials where contact resistance can be significant, extending the read time to the maximum allowed 10 minutes will produce the most accurate results.

3 In solid materials where a pilot hole has been drilled and contact resistance can be significant, using thermal grease and extending the read time to the maximum allowed 10 minutes will produce the most accurate results.

4 The SH-1 sensor will take accurate measurements in rock and cured concrete, but it is very difficult to drill small small diameter, parallel holes in these materials to accommodate the SH-1 needles.

5 The KS-1 needle with 10 min read time gives good results with insulation.  Heater temperatures with the other two probes are quite high for insulation measurements.

Accessories

KS-1-60mm-Needle.jpg

KS-1 6cm Sensor

The KS-1 is ideal for measuring thermal resistivity. It is 60mm long, 1.27mm diameter.

SH-1-30mm-Dual-Needle.jpg

SH-1 30mm Dual Sensor

The SH-1 is the only sensor that measures thermal diffusivity and specific heat. 30mm long, 1.28mm diameter, 6mm spacing

TR-1-10cm-Needle.jpg

TR-1 10cm Sensor

The TR-1 measures thermal conductivity and thermal resistivity and conforms to IEEE Standard 442-1981 and ASTM Standard D5334-00. 100mm long, 2.4mm diameter

Support

Material Safety Data Sheet

  • MSDS Arctic Silver
  • MSDS Glycerin
  • Material Safety Data Sheets

Software & Downloads

  • KD2 Pro Firmware Updater
  • KD2 Pro Utility (version 1.08)
  • Thermal Conductivity Calculator

Application Notes

  • How to Reduce Contact Resistance Errors in Thermal Properties Measurements
  • KD2 Pro Compliance to ASTM and IEEE Standards
  • The Effect of Soil Thermal Resistivity (RHO) on Underground Power Cable Installations
  • Underground Power Cable Installations: Soil Thermal Resistivity (13476-00 AN)
  • Using The KD2 Pro To Measure Thermal Properties of Fluids
  • Producing Thermal Dryout Curves for Buried Cable Applications

Manuals

  • Manual-KD2 Pro

Video

  • Video: Measuring Thermal Properties of Fluids
  • Video: The KD2 Pro Thermal Properties Analyzer
  • Video Index

Request Support

Email: support@decagon.com
Phone: 800-755-2751 or
509-332-2756
Fax: 509-332-5158

Or send us an information request:

Education

Newsletters

  • Heat Pulse-2006
  • Heat Pulse-2007
  • Heat Pulse-2008/2009
  • Heat Pulse-2011

Newsletter Articles

  • June 7, 2006: Newsletter-Decagon Builds Thermal Research Instrumentation
  • June 25, 2009: Newsletter-How Cool are Nanofluids
  • June 7, 2006: Newsletter-KD2 Pro Transforms Theory into Solid, Real-world Technology for Measuring Thermal Conduct
  • June 25, 2009: Newsletter-New ASTM Standard to be Published in 2009
  • June 7, 2006: Newsletter-Rammed Earth Houses
  • February 15, 2007: Newsletter-Thermal Properties of Oils Measured With A Field Portable Meter
  • March 3, 1998: Newsletter-Thermal Runaway

List of Cited Publications

  • Cited Publications - KD2 and KD2 Pro
  • Cited Publications - KD2 and KD2 Pro 2006 -2007
  • Cited Publications - KD2 and KD2 Pro 2001 - 2005

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