The KD2 Pro is a fully portable field and lab thermal properties analyzer. It uses the transient line heat source method to measure thermal conductivity, resistivity, diffusivity, and specific heat. Sophisticated data analysis is based on 30+ years of research experience on heat and mass transfer in soils and other porous materials.
The compact KD2 Pro controller is much more than a simple readout for time and temperature. A proprietary algorithm fits time and temperature data with exponential integral functions using a nonlinear least squares method. This fully mathematical solution delivers thermal conductivity/resistivity to within ±10%.
Temperature changes of a thousandth of a degree per second--the sun warming the soil, for example, or someone walking into the lab-- destroy the accuracy of thermal properties calculations. Unlike other thermal needle systems, the KD2 Pro corrects for linear temperature drift that can cause large errors.
For more information, see this application note.
| Accuracy |
±5 to ±10% Thermal Conductivity/Resistivity ±10% Specific Heat ±10% Thermal Diffusivity |
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|---|---|---|---|
| Measurement Speed | 1, 2, 5, & 10 min. read times depending on measurement type (see user's manual for more information). | ||
| Data Storage | 4,095 readings, flash memory | ||
| Compliance to Standards | ASTM Standard D5334-08 and IEEE Standard 442-1981 | ||
| Operating Environment of Sensors | -50 to 150°C | ||
| Battery Source | 4 AA | ||
| Auto-Read Mode | Users can collect unattended data at user-defined intervals in the auto-read mode | ||
| Type | Ultra low-power 16-bit microcontroller w/ 24-bit A/D converter | ||
| Display | Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) 7.5 cm x 4 cm | ||
| Case Dimensions | 15.5 x 9.5 x 3.5 cm |
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| Included Accessories |
KS-1 Thermal Conductivity/Resistivity sensor (for liquids) |
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| Calibration | Each KD2 Pro comes factory calibrated and includes performance verification standards | ||
| Range of Measurements |
K: 0.02 to 4 Wm-1 C-1 D: 0.1 to 1.0 mm2s-1 R: 0.25 to 50mC W-1 C: 0.5 to 4 MJ m-3 C-1 * Accuracy and measurement range vary with sensor type. See Comparisons tab. |
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| Sensor | KS-1 |
TR-1 | SH-1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Measurement |
Read time- 60 Seconds |
Read time- 5 Minutes |
Read time -2 Minutes- |
| Accuracy |
Accuracy: (Conductivity): ± 5% from 0.2 - 2 W/(m· K) ±0.01 W/(m· K) from 0.02 - 0.2 W/(m· K) |
Accuracy: (Conductivity): ±10% from 0.2 - 4 W/(m· K) ±0.02 W/(m· K) from 0.1 - 0.2 W/(m· K) |
Accuracy: (Conductivity) ± 10% from 0.2 - 2 W/(m· K) ±0.01 W/(m· K) from 0.02 - 0.2 W/(m· K) (Diffusivity) ±10% at conductivities above 0.1 W/(m· K) (Volumetric Specific Heat) ±10% at conductivities above 0.1 W/(m· K) |
| Ranges |
K: 0.02 to 2 W/(m·K) R: 50 to 5000 °C·cm/W |
K: 0.1 to 4 W/(m·K) R: 25 to 1000°C cm/W |
K: 0.02 to 2.00 W /(m· K) R: 50 to 5000 °C·cm/W 0.1 to 1 mm2/s (diffusivity) 0.5 to 4 mJ/(m3K) (volumetric specific heat |
| Cable | 0.8 m | 0.8 m | 0.8 m |
| Environment | –50 to 150°C | –50 to 150°C | –50 to 150°C |
| DIMENSIONS |
6 cm needle length 1.27 mm diameter needle |
10 cm needle length 2.4 mm diameter needle |
30 mm needle length 1.27 mm diameter 2 needles |
| Sample Material | ks-1 | tr-1 | Sh-1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low viscosity liquids (e.g. water) | Best1 | No | No |
| High viscosity liquids (e.g. glycerol, oil) | Best | Ok | No |
| Insulation and insulating materials | Best5 | Ok | Ok |
| Moist Soil | No | Best | Ok |
| Dry soil, powders, granular materials | No | Best2 | Ok |
| concrete | No | Best3 | Ok4 |
| Rock | No | Best3 | Ok4 |
| Other solids | No | Best3 | Ok |
| Volumetric specific heat | No | No | Best |
| Thermal diffusivity | No | No | Best |
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1 In low viscosity liquids, the read time should be set to the minimum allowed 1 minute to avoid free convection. 2 In dry granular materials where contact resistance can be significant, extending the read time to the maximum allowed 10 minutes will produce the most accurate results. 3 In solid materials where a pilot hole has been drilled and contact resistance can be significant, using thermal grease and extending the read time to the maximum allowed 10 minutes will produce the most accurate results. 4 The SH-1 sensor will take accurate measurements in rock and cured concrete, but it is very difficult to drill small small diameter, parallel holes in these materials to accommodate the SH-1 needles. 5 The KS-1 needle with 10 min read time gives good results with insulation. Heater temperatures with the other two probes are quite high for insulation measurements. |
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The KS-1 is ideal for measuring thermal resistivity. It is 60mm long, 1.27mm diameter.
The SH-1 is the only sensor that measures thermal diffusivity and specific heat. 30mm long, 1.28mm diameter, 6mm spacing
Email: support@decagon.com
Phone: 800-755-2751 or
509-332-2756
Fax: 509-332-5158
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